تأثیر استفاده مسئلهزا از شبکههای اجتماعی بر سلامت روان جوانان: نقش میانجی مقایسه اجتماعی و تنظیم هیجان
کلمات کلیدی:
استفاده مسئلهزا از شبکههای اجتماعی, سلامت روان, مقایسه اجتماعی, تنظیم هیجان, جوانان, پژوهش کیفیچکیده
This study aimed to explore young adults’ lived experiences of the effects of problematic social media use on mental health and to clarify the perceived mediating roles of social comparison and emotion regulation. A qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis. Participants were 22 young adults aged 18–30 years residing in Tehran, Iran, who were recruited through purposive maximum-variation sampling. Eligibility criteria included using social media for at least three hours per day during the preceding six months, experiencing difficulty controlling social media engagement, and perceiving psychological or functional consequences related to such use. Data were collected exclusively through individual semi-structured interviews. Sampling and interviewing continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. Initial saturation occurred after the twentieth interview, and two additional interviews confirmed the stability and comprehensiveness of the categories. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed iteratively with the assistance of NVivo software. Credibility and dependability were enhanced through participant checking, peer review, reflexive memo writing, maximum-variation sampling, and maintenance of an analytical audit trail. Five main categories emerged: “cue-driven impulsive use and loss of control,” “upward comparison with curated representations and erosion of self-evaluation,” “social media use as emotion regulation and digital escape,” “accumulated psychological distress and disruption of daily functioning,” and “unstable digital self-care and relapse into problematic use.” Participants described how repeated exposure to idealized representations intensified perceived inadequacy, fear of missing out, envy, and a sense of falling behind. Social media was also used to obtain short-term relief from anxiety, loneliness, boredom, anger, and academic or occupational pressure. However, temporary relief was frequently followed by guilt, rumination, sleep disturbance, irritability, impaired concentration, and reduced self-esteem. The findings suggest that the association between problematic social media use and poor mental health cannot be explained solely by the duration of use. Loss of control, passive content consumption, upward social comparison, and reliance on social media to manage unpleasant emotions appear to be central mechanisms. The findings support a qualitative conceptual pathway in which negative social comparison and maladaptive emotion regulation help explain how problematic engagement may be associated with psychological distress. Nevertheless, the qualitative design does not establish statistical mediation or causal direction. Preventive and clinical interventions should integrate social media literacy, awareness of curated online representations, adaptive emotion-regulation skills, and environmental strategies for controlling digital cues.
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